Bartholomew or Nathanael?!
His original name was Netanel bar Tolmai (son of Tolmai), so his full name was Nathanael Bartholomew, Nathanael being his personal name and Bartholomew a patronymic name based on the name of his father.
In the New Testament he is listed as one of the Twelve Apostles, befriended by another apostle Philip. In the synoptic gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke he is referred to as Barholomew while in John’s gospel he is referred to as Nathanael that hailed from Cana.
John’s gospel gives us the compelling account of Nathanael’s call to be one of the first group to be called to discipleship. Philip, his close friend, had already met Jesus and accepted the call to follow Him. He looked out for Nathanael and very enthusiastically greeted his friend with “ We have found the One Moses wrote about in the Law and about whom the prophets also wrote – Jesus of Nazareth, son of Joseph!’ a statement that could indicate that both Philip and Nathanael were students of the Law and the Prophets. From their studies Philip recognized that Jesus was the Messiah they had been waiting for. Nathanael’s reaction was one of incredibility as he replied “ Nazareth! Can anything good come from there?” His reaction was based on prejudice regarding Nazareth, a very small peasant village where a few families had settled. Besides, the Jews of those times held Nazareth and even the area around Galilee in a very low regard. Nathanael reasoned how could God’s Messiah come from such an insignificant place?
Philip insisted, ’Come and see.’ Nathanael did go, and his life changed when he encountered Jesus who could see his heart and sincere character and declared him a true honest Israelite. Nathanael must have heard Him because he asked Jesus, “How do you know me?” Jesus’ response, “I saw you while you were still under the fig tree, before Phillip called you,“ left Nathanael speechless. Nathanael immediately realized that Jesus was the One foretold by the prophets. He became the first disciple who professed, “ Rabbi, you are the Son of God, You are the King of Israel!” (Jn. 1,45-51)
Nathanael followed Jesus witnessing his teaching and miracles, the appearances of the Risen Christ and His Ascension.
When the Apostles dispersed to spread the Good News, Nathanael, probably with Philip, evangelized in India, in Armenia, in Persia and Egypt. It is believed that he was martyred in Abanopolis by King Astyages. Different traditions surround his martyrdom, the most popular one being that he was flayed, skinned alive.
Nathanael is listed as St. Bartholomew in Roman Martyrology, the historical record documenting the lives and miracles of Christian saints and martyrs, from the early Church.